Chryssa Kouveliotou is a Greek astrophysicist. She is a professor at George Washington University and an Emeritus researcher in high-energy astrophysics at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

Her numerous contributions to the fields of astronomy and astrophysics have expanded the scientific understanding of transient phenomena in the Milky Way and the entire universe. In addition to identifying the unique properties of extremely energetic emissions from gamma-ray bursts — the brightest and most powerful cosmic events ever recorded — Kouveliotou was part of the team that uncovered the extragalactic nature of these sources. Her team also made the first confirmed detection of extremely dense neutron stars known as magnetars — the remnants of stars left after a supernova.

In 2021, she was honored with the Shaw International Astronomy Prize.